Annotated Bibliography
By Alec Martin
Gordon, Daniel. "Manuel Noriega and Panama (1980s)." Cold War Museum. Cold War Museum, n.d. Web. 05 Mar. 2014.
This is a secondary source written about Manuel Noriega's relationship with the U.S. government. Although the source is not specifically directed towards human rights violations in Panama, the source can still be used as a backbone for my research because it contains a detailed summery of the events surrounding Manuel Noriega. Overall, this is just a very useful collection of background information that could be used in my website.
"Manuel Noriega." Britannica School. N.p., 2014. Web. 05 Mar. 2014.
This is another secondary source directed towards students who are looking for information about Manuel Noriega. This source contains more details about human rights violations concerning Manuel Noriega and has a detailed summery of his trials as well. This source would be good for background information on his violations and could be used in tandem with some of my other sources.
"Report Alleges Human Rights Abuses in Panama." The New York Times. The New York Times, 23 Apr. 1988. Web. 05 Mar. 2014.
This newspaper article is a primary source discussing a report of the human rights situation in Panama. The entire article can be used because the article is very short and to the point. The source is extremely relevant to my topic because it has specific examples of how in Panama people's rights had been taken away under Manuel Noriega's rule.
The Beating of Guillermo Ford. 1989. Photograph. Iconic Photos. 4 July 2009. Web. 5 Mar. 2014.
This primary source is a photograph taken in 1989 in Panama. The source is extremely relevant to my topic because it is visual evidence of the corruption that Noriega was involved with. The photograph shows Guillermo Ford, one of Noriega's political competitors, being beaten with a metal rod by a thug hired by Noriega. This source will be great to put on my website to catch peoples eyes and to keep them interested. Also this picture was used by Time Magazine and could lead me to more sources.
Johnson, Guillermo. Untitled. 2011. Photograph. Amnesty International. Amnesty International, 13 Dec. 2011. Web. 5 Mar. 2014.
This photograph is a primary source showing citizens of Panama protesting that Manuel Noriega is guilty of human rights violations. The source is very relevant to my topic because it is about human rights violations as well as Manuel Noriega. This source is important because it shows that it is not only the government that is upset with Noriega, but also the citizens of Panama.
Dolan, Edward F. Panama and the United States: Their Canal, Their Stormy Years. New York: F. Watts, 1990. Print.
This book is a secondary source that describes all of the United States and Panama's relations. Although the book is not entirely about Manuel Noriega and human rights violations, it does have a chapter dedicated to my subjects. The source is important to my topic because it has many pictures that illustrate the topic very well. Also, these pictures could be used as sources later.
Fullwood, Sam. "COMBAT IN PANAMA : Dignity Battalion Still Lurks in City Shadows : Resistance: Many Call the Paramilitary Groups Common Street Toughs. They Still Roam the Cities." Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles Times, 22 Dec. 1989. Web. 05 Mar. 2014.
This newspaper article is a very helpful primary source. The entire source is relevant to my topic and is written by a very reliable source. The source is also very important to my topic because it shows how Noriega used the people of Panama to help him rise to power.
"Panama Editor in Miami After Death Threats." Historical Newspapers. New York Times, n.d. Web. 05 Mar. 2014.
This New York Times article is a great primary source. It is very short, but it is strait to the point and is very relevant to my topic. The source is important because it shows how Noriega's threatening rule in Panama made other citizens in Panama unhappy. In this example, Noriega threatens a newspaper journalist because he does not like being criticized.
"Timeline: America's War on Drugs." NPR. NPR, 2 Apr. 2007. Web. 5 Mar. 2014.
This source is an excellent primary source containing many pictures. This source is not directed towards Manuel Noriega's human rights violations, but it does show another important aspect of his dictatorship. Manuel Noriega helped smuggle billions of dollars in drugs into the United States, which is one of the main reasons that the United States got involved. This source has many pictures which will be great to put on my website.
"Manuel Noriega Fast Facts." CNN. Cable News Network, 13 Feb. 2014. Web. 05 Mar. 2014.
This secondary source is a great timeline created by a very credible news network. This timeline goes back to Noriega's birth, and through his trial. This source is important because it will let me have a better understanding of the topic.
"Human Rights Watch World Report 1989 - Panama." Refworld. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Mar. 2014.
This primary source is a human rights report form Panama in 1989. The whole source is packed with information about my topic and has specific examples of human rights violations. This source is important to my topic because it the report was wrote because of possible human rights violations involving Manuel Noriega.
Eisenmann, Roberto, Jr. "The Gathering Storm in Panama." America 18 June 1986: 485-89. Ebesco Host. Web. 11 Mar. 2014.
This is a primary source that is a magazine article from a magazine called America. Not the entire source is relevant, but because the source was written in 1986, before the issue was at it's highest, it contains some interesting comments about rumors of human rights violations. This source is useful because it contains comments from people of the time period. These can be used as quotes in my final project.
UN Report of the Committee against Torture. Rep. no. 44 (A/53/44). New York: United Nations, 1998. Web.
This primary source is a report from the United Nations. The source contains specific information about human rights violations involving Manuel Noriega. The source is also from the United Nations, which makes it very credible. The source can be used in my project from a link. People who are interested can follow the link for more detailed information.
Noriega, Manuel Antonio, and Peter Eisner. America's Prisoner: The Memoirs of Manuel Noriega. New York: Random House, 1997. Print.
This book is a secondary source specifically about Manuel Noriega. Manuel Noriega himself wrote the book while he was in prison. The book has detailed information about what went on in Panama while Manuel Noriega was in charge. This source can be great for getting quotes out of. Getting quotes from Manuel Noriega is a lot easier when he is the author.
Dinges, John. Our Man in Panama: The Shrewd Rise and Brutal Fall of Manuel Noriega. New York: Times /Random House, 1991. Print.
This secondary source is a book about Manuel Noriega. The book is specifically about how Manuel Noriega came to power in Panama, and more importantly, how his power declined. Most of this source can be used in my website and it can be used to create a more detailed biography of Manuel Noriega.
By Alec Martin
Gordon, Daniel. "Manuel Noriega and Panama (1980s)." Cold War Museum. Cold War Museum, n.d. Web. 05 Mar. 2014.
This is a secondary source written about Manuel Noriega's relationship with the U.S. government. Although the source is not specifically directed towards human rights violations in Panama, the source can still be used as a backbone for my research because it contains a detailed summery of the events surrounding Manuel Noriega. Overall, this is just a very useful collection of background information that could be used in my website.
"Manuel Noriega." Britannica School. N.p., 2014. Web. 05 Mar. 2014.
This is another secondary source directed towards students who are looking for information about Manuel Noriega. This source contains more details about human rights violations concerning Manuel Noriega and has a detailed summery of his trials as well. This source would be good for background information on his violations and could be used in tandem with some of my other sources.
"Report Alleges Human Rights Abuses in Panama." The New York Times. The New York Times, 23 Apr. 1988. Web. 05 Mar. 2014.
This newspaper article is a primary source discussing a report of the human rights situation in Panama. The entire article can be used because the article is very short and to the point. The source is extremely relevant to my topic because it has specific examples of how in Panama people's rights had been taken away under Manuel Noriega's rule.
The Beating of Guillermo Ford. 1989. Photograph. Iconic Photos. 4 July 2009. Web. 5 Mar. 2014.
This primary source is a photograph taken in 1989 in Panama. The source is extremely relevant to my topic because it is visual evidence of the corruption that Noriega was involved with. The photograph shows Guillermo Ford, one of Noriega's political competitors, being beaten with a metal rod by a thug hired by Noriega. This source will be great to put on my website to catch peoples eyes and to keep them interested. Also this picture was used by Time Magazine and could lead me to more sources.
Johnson, Guillermo. Untitled. 2011. Photograph. Amnesty International. Amnesty International, 13 Dec. 2011. Web. 5 Mar. 2014.
This photograph is a primary source showing citizens of Panama protesting that Manuel Noriega is guilty of human rights violations. The source is very relevant to my topic because it is about human rights violations as well as Manuel Noriega. This source is important because it shows that it is not only the government that is upset with Noriega, but also the citizens of Panama.
Dolan, Edward F. Panama and the United States: Their Canal, Their Stormy Years. New York: F. Watts, 1990. Print.
This book is a secondary source that describes all of the United States and Panama's relations. Although the book is not entirely about Manuel Noriega and human rights violations, it does have a chapter dedicated to my subjects. The source is important to my topic because it has many pictures that illustrate the topic very well. Also, these pictures could be used as sources later.
Fullwood, Sam. "COMBAT IN PANAMA : Dignity Battalion Still Lurks in City Shadows : Resistance: Many Call the Paramilitary Groups Common Street Toughs. They Still Roam the Cities." Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles Times, 22 Dec. 1989. Web. 05 Mar. 2014.
This newspaper article is a very helpful primary source. The entire source is relevant to my topic and is written by a very reliable source. The source is also very important to my topic because it shows how Noriega used the people of Panama to help him rise to power.
"Panama Editor in Miami After Death Threats." Historical Newspapers. New York Times, n.d. Web. 05 Mar. 2014.
This New York Times article is a great primary source. It is very short, but it is strait to the point and is very relevant to my topic. The source is important because it shows how Noriega's threatening rule in Panama made other citizens in Panama unhappy. In this example, Noriega threatens a newspaper journalist because he does not like being criticized.
"Timeline: America's War on Drugs." NPR. NPR, 2 Apr. 2007. Web. 5 Mar. 2014.
This source is an excellent primary source containing many pictures. This source is not directed towards Manuel Noriega's human rights violations, but it does show another important aspect of his dictatorship. Manuel Noriega helped smuggle billions of dollars in drugs into the United States, which is one of the main reasons that the United States got involved. This source has many pictures which will be great to put on my website.
"Manuel Noriega Fast Facts." CNN. Cable News Network, 13 Feb. 2014. Web. 05 Mar. 2014.
This secondary source is a great timeline created by a very credible news network. This timeline goes back to Noriega's birth, and through his trial. This source is important because it will let me have a better understanding of the topic.
"Human Rights Watch World Report 1989 - Panama." Refworld. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Mar. 2014.
This primary source is a human rights report form Panama in 1989. The whole source is packed with information about my topic and has specific examples of human rights violations. This source is important to my topic because it the report was wrote because of possible human rights violations involving Manuel Noriega.
Eisenmann, Roberto, Jr. "The Gathering Storm in Panama." America 18 June 1986: 485-89. Ebesco Host. Web. 11 Mar. 2014.
This is a primary source that is a magazine article from a magazine called America. Not the entire source is relevant, but because the source was written in 1986, before the issue was at it's highest, it contains some interesting comments about rumors of human rights violations. This source is useful because it contains comments from people of the time period. These can be used as quotes in my final project.
UN Report of the Committee against Torture. Rep. no. 44 (A/53/44). New York: United Nations, 1998. Web.
This primary source is a report from the United Nations. The source contains specific information about human rights violations involving Manuel Noriega. The source is also from the United Nations, which makes it very credible. The source can be used in my project from a link. People who are interested can follow the link for more detailed information.
Noriega, Manuel Antonio, and Peter Eisner. America's Prisoner: The Memoirs of Manuel Noriega. New York: Random House, 1997. Print.
This book is a secondary source specifically about Manuel Noriega. Manuel Noriega himself wrote the book while he was in prison. The book has detailed information about what went on in Panama while Manuel Noriega was in charge. This source can be great for getting quotes out of. Getting quotes from Manuel Noriega is a lot easier when he is the author.
Dinges, John. Our Man in Panama: The Shrewd Rise and Brutal Fall of Manuel Noriega. New York: Times /Random House, 1991. Print.
This secondary source is a book about Manuel Noriega. The book is specifically about how Manuel Noriega came to power in Panama, and more importantly, how his power declined. Most of this source can be used in my website and it can be used to create a more detailed biography of Manuel Noriega.